Analysis on "the essence of tuina, arrival of qi ensuring curative effect" / 中国针灸

In reference with the systematic review of the thought of deqi (arrival of qi) put forward in Huangdi Neijing (Internal Classic of Yellow Emperor) and other classic books of traditional Chinese medicine, in view of detecting qi and identifying qi before treatment, as well as the prerequisites of deqi in tuina, meaning the accurate syndrome differentiation and manipulations, the importance of deqi in treatment with tuina is expounded. In association with clinical experience, the specific manifestations of deqi in patients during tuina are summarized, e.g. soreness, distention, pain, numbness, warm feeling and slight sweating, local changes in intestinal sound and skin color, as well as mind regulation. It is anticipated that deqi of tuina may be drawn the attention in clinical practice, and the relevant study be expanded.

The regulation of ovarian reserve function by Zuogui pills combined with cetrorelix / 药学学报

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Zuogui pills from the Kidney-tonifying and Nourishing Yin formula, in combination with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix, affected the ovarian local oxidative stress response in decreasing ovarian reserve (DOR) mice. All animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and standards established by Jinan University's Experimental Animal Management Committee. Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated DOR mice were given Zuogui pills, cetrorelix, or a combination of the two drugs intragastrically. After treatment, there were changes in the estrous cycle, serum sex hormone levels, oxidative stress-related indexes, growth biochemical factor levels, and SIRT1/P53/P21 expression. In comparison to the model group, the Zuogui pills and the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group had significantly prolonged estrous periods and shortened interestrous periods, and the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group had a significantly shortened cycle length. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased and estradiol (E2) increased in all treatment groups compared to the model group, oxidative stress indexes nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased, growth biochemical factors brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) concentrations increased significantly, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) showed no significant change. SIRT1/P53/P21 immunohistochemical results revealed that, when compared to the model group, the expression of SIRT1 increased while the expression of P53 and P21 proteins decreased in all treatment groups, with the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group having the largest decrease, with significant differences in all indicators. We conclude that cetrorelix combined with Zuogui pills for kidney nourishing and Yin recipe improved the oxidative stress response in the follicle by regulating the SIRT1/P53/P21 pathway, reducing peroxide product production, protecting ovarian function, and regulating ovarian hormone secretion, and its efficacy is superior to that of cetrorelix or Zuogui pills alone.

Changes of Microglia in Hippocampus of Mice Induced by Maternal Separation with Restraint Stress and Regulatory Effect of Wenyang Jieyu Prescription / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the activation of microglia in hippocampus of depressed and anxious mice induced by maternal separation with acute restraint stress and the expression of interleukin-1<italic>β</italic>（IL-1<italic>β</italic>），interleukin-6（IL-6），tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic>（TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， investigating the mechanism of Wenyang Jieyu prescription in treating anxiety and depression. Method:Eighty four male C57BL offspring were randomly divided into control group， acute restraint stress group and model group on postnatal day 0（PD0）. Maternal separation combined with acute restraint stress was used to prepare anxious and depressed model mice， dividing the model mice into model group， Wenyang， Jieyu， Wenyang Jieyu and fluoxetine group according to random number table method. During the period of PD21-PD90， the control， acute restraint stress and model mice were fed with normal diet， with the other groups fed with corresponding medicine mixed diet. The Wenyang， Jieyu and Wenyang Jieyu groups were given 5.85， 12.03 and 16.71 g·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively. The fluoxetine group was given 2.60 mg·kg^-1·d^-1. Open field， zero maze test and social interaction tests were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression of model mice. The expression of Iba-1 in hippocampal microglia was detected by immunohistochemistry（IHC）. The mRNA expression of IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-6， TNF-<italic>α</italic>， Iba-1 and glucocorticoid receptor（GR）were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with the control group， total movement distance and time spent in central zone in 5 min of the model mice significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， time spent in opened arm and total movement distance decreased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， investigation time during testing and training increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The expression of Iba-1 protein and mRNA，IL-1<italic>β</italic>，IL-6，TNF-<italic>α</italic> mRNA significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the expression levels of GR mRNA significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The result of IHC staining showed that microglia were over activated. Compared with the model group， total movement distance and time spent in central zone in 5 min of mice in the Wenyang Jieyu and fluoxetine group significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）.Time spent in opened arm significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Investigation time during testing and training significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The expression of Iba-1 protein and mRNA，IL-1<italic>β</italic>，IL-6，TNF-<italic>α</italic> mRNA significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The expression of GR mRNA increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. IHC staining showed the microglia recovered. Time spent in opened arm of mice in the Wenyang group and Jieyu group significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， time spent investigating during testing decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression levels of Iba-1 protein and mRNA，IL-6 mRNA significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The expression of GR mRNA of mice in the Wenyang group significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression of TNF-<italic>α </italic>mRNA significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Total movement distance of mice in the Jieyu group increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， time spent investigating during training decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05），the expression level of IL-1<italic>β </italic>mRNA significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. IHC staining showed that microglia recovered partly in both groups. Conclusion:The comprehensive curative effect and pharmacological action of Wenyang Jieyu prescription were better than Wenyang prescription and Jieyu prescription. Wenyang Jieyu prescription can treat anxiety and depression in maternal separation and acute restraint stress mice， its possible mechanism may be related to the decreased activation of microglia， down-regulation of IL-1<italic>β</italic>，IL-6，TNF-<italic>α</italic> expression and up-regulation of GR expression.

Effect of Wenyang， Jieyu， and Wenyang Jieyu Prescriptions on Hippocampal Microglia of Mice with Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Secondary LPS Exposure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the activation of microglia and the expression of inflammatory factors in hippocampus of mice with depression-like behavior after mother-infant separation （MS） combined with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） stress， and to explore the possible anti-depression mechanisms of Wenyang （WY）， Jieyu （JY）， and Wenyang Jieyu （WYJY） prescriptions from the perspective of warming Yang and relieving depression. Method:Seventy offspring mice were randomly divided into a normal group （<italic>n</italic>=10）， a LPS stress group （<italic>n</italic>=10）， and a modeling group （<italic>n</italic>=50）. After undergoing 8 h·d^-1mother-infant separation during postnatal day 5 （PD₅）–PD₁₄， mice in the modeling group were further divided into the MS + LPS group， WY group， JY group， WYJY group， and fluoxetine （FLU） group， with 10 in each group. The birth date of the offspring mice was recorded as PD₀. The mice in the normal， LPS， and MS + LPS groups were fed a normal diet during PD₂₁–PD₉₀， while those in the other groups were treated with the mixtures of corresponding drugs and feed， followed by seven-day intraperitoneal injection of LPS since PD₉₁ for inducing depression. The depression-like behavior of mice in each group was detected in the open-field， O-maze， and social interaction tests. The protein expression of microglia-specific ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba-1） in the hippocampus was assayed by immunohistochemistry， and the mRNA expression of interleukin-1<italic>β </italic>（IL-1<italic>β</italic>）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α </italic>（TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， Iba-1， and glucocorticoid receptor （GR） by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with the normal group， the LPS group exhibited significantly reduced residence time at the central area within 5 min （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and shortened total exercise distance （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In the MS + LPS group， the open-arm activity time and the total activity distance decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.01， <italic>P</italic><0.05）， whereas the training， discrimination and exploration time increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The expression of Iba-1 in hippocampal CA1 region of mice in the LPS and MS + LPS groups was remarkably elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the LPS group， the MS + LPS group displayed significantly prolonged distance of 5-min exercise （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， increased training， discrimination and exploration time （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and up-regulated Iba-1 expression in hippocampal CA1 area （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. As revealed by comparison with the MS + LPS group， both the total 5-min exercise distance （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and the training and discrimination time （<italic>P</italic><0.01， <italic>P</italic><0.05） of mice in each administration group was significantly shortened. The discrimination and exploration time of mice in the JY， WYJY， and FLU groups was significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the expression of Iba-1 in hippocampal CA1 region of mice in each administration group was significantly down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:The warming Yang and relieving depression method helps to inhibit the occurrence and development of depression due to its efficacy in activating microglia in hippocampus of depression mice and lowering the expression of IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-6， and TNF-<italic>α</italic>.

Serum Level of MiR-609 and Its Clinical Prognostic Value in Patients with Thalassemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the level of serum microRNA-609 and its clinical prognostic value in patients with thalassemia.@*METHODS@#One hundred and twenty-seven patients with thalassemia treated in our hospital from April 2017 to April 2018 were selected, 100 healthy persons were selected as control group. The changes of miR-609 were analyzed by RT-PCR, the relationship between miR-609 and clinical indicators of thalassemia was analyzed, and the prognostic risk factors of thalassemia were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#The relative expression level of miR-609 in thalassemia patients was 3.17±0.24, which was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05). The incidence rate of mild anemia in high expression group was significantly lower than that in low expression group (P0.05). The number of patients with severe anemia in the miR-609 high expression group was higher than that in miR-609 low expression group (P<0.05). The incidence rate of dizziness, fatigue and fever in patients with miR-609 high expression group was significantly higher than those in patients with miR-609 low expression (P<0.05). There was no correlation between the level of miR-609 and the incidence rate of nausea in patients with thalassemia. ROC curve showed that the AUC value of microRNA-609 was 0.862, the sensitivity was 83.6%, and the specificity was 84.1%, which suggested that miR-609 had a high diagnostic value for thalassemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MCH and mir-609 were risk factors for poor prognosis of thalassemia patients.@*CONCLUSION@#The increased level of serum miR-609 in patients with thalassemia is a risk factor for poor prognosis and can be used as a reference index for evaluating the efficacy for patients.

Study on liver protection and hepatotoxicity of saikosaponin a based on zebrafish model / 中国中药杂志

Bupleuri Radix has both liver protection and hepatotoxicity. Saponins are the main pharmacodynamic and toxic components of Bupleuri Radix. Based on zebrafish physical model and the model of alcoholic fatty liver( AFL) pathology,the liver toxic and protective effect of saikosaponin a( SSa) were assessed. The results indicated that 1. 77 μmol·L-1 SSa showed protective effect to AFL zebrafish. 5. 30 μmol·L-1 SSa was hepatotoxic to healthy zebrafish,but it showed protective effect to AFL zebrafish. 5. 62 μmol·L-1 SSa was hepatotoxic to healthy and AFL zebrafish. This study is benefit for clinical safety of saikosaponin a.

Comparison of Laboratory Indexes and Therapeutic Efficacy between Two Kinds of Different RBC Transfusion in AIHA Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of 2 kinds of red blood cells (RBC) on the laboratorial indexes and therapeutic efficacy of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 120 patients with AIHA from June 2015 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. These 120 patients were divided into A goup and B group. The patients in A group (60 cases) were infused with washed RBC, while the patients in B group (60 cases) were infused with WBC-deplated RBC. The changes of laboratotial indexes, clinical symptoms and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups before treatment and at 24 hourse after treatment as well as the therapeutic efficacy and improvement status of clinical symptoms were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The RBC count and Hb level in 2 groups after treating for 1 day were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.01), while the TBIL level and reticulocyte (Ret) count were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.01). However, the RBC, Hb, TBIL levels and Ret count in 2 groups before and after treatment showed no statistical difference (P>0.05); the improvement of clinical symptoms, complex therapeutic efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups after treatment also showed no significantly difference (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both washed and leukocyte-deplated RBC can alleviate the anemia in patients with AIHA in short-time, but the leucocyte-deplated RBC is more expensive, suggesting that the wased RBC is more practical for treatment of AIHA patients.</p>

Analysis of Irregular Antibody Production in Severe β-Thalassemia Children with long-term Blood Transtusion and Its Correlation with RH Gene and Anemia Gene Mutation Site / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the prevalence of irregular antibodies in children with severe β-thalassemia after long-term blood transfusion and its correlation with RH and anemia gene mutations site.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred twenty children with severe β-thalassemia and long-term blood transfusion were selected in our hospital, the genomic DNA was extracted and the genotype of RH factor were determined by PCR-SSP. The irregular antibodies and their types were screened and identified by the serological method, the gene types of the severe β-thalassemia were analyzed by reverse dot blot hybridization on DNA chip and PCR amplification.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The major of RH genotypes in 120 children were Ce/Ce (59.17%) and CE/ce (25%), among them 10 children possessed the positive irregular antibodies (8.33%), out of these 10 children, the genotypes of RH factor were Ce/Ce in 6 cases, cE/cE, CE/ce, cE/ce and Ce/ce in one case; among these 10 children with positive irregular antibodies, the anemia gene mutations were IVs-11654M in 2 cases, cD4142M in 6 cases, 28M in 1 case, and CD71-72M in 1 case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Irregular antibodies produced by regular blood transfusion in children with severe β-thalassemia may be related with RH factor and anemia gene mutation sites.</p>

Correlation between premature ejaculation diagnostic tool and International Index of Erectile Function-15 in different types of premature ejaculation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the correlation between the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) and International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) in different types of premature ejaculation (PE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a cross-section survey among 352 PE patients received in the andrology clinic from December 2014 to December 2015 and 104 healthy men from the health examination center using basic demographic information (as on age, height, weight, education status, occupation, income, etc.), PEDT results, and IIEF-15 scores of the subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PE patients had remarkably higher PEDT and lower IIEF-15 scores than the healthy men (P<0.01). The PEDT score of the PE patients was negatively correlated with their total IIEF-15 score as well as with the scores in the domains of erectile function, sexual intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction after adjusted for age (P<0.01). The patients with acquired PE (APE) showed a lower IIEF-15 score than those with lifelong PE (LPE) (P<0.01). The PEDT score of the APE patients was correlated negatively with the total IIEF-15 score (r=－0.391, P<0.01) and the scores in the domains of erectile function (r=－0.362, P<0.01) and overall satisfaction (r=－0.621, P<0.01), but not correlated with intercourse satisfaction, sexual orgasm, or sexual desire. The PEDT score of the LPE group was correlated negatively with intercourse satisfaction (r=－0.286, P<0.05) but not correlated with either the total IIEF-15 score or the scores in the domains of erectile function, overall satisfaction, sexual orgasm, or sexual desire.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PE patients have a higher PEDT score and a lower IIEF-15 score than normal males. The PEDT score of APE patients is significantly correlated with the total IIEF-15 score, while that of LPE patients is correlated not with the total IIEF-15 score but with intercourse satisfaction.</p>

Premature ejaculation and female partners' psychological factors / 中华男科学杂志

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a most common sexual dysfunction in males, which variably affects men's reproductive and mental health. Recent studies show that PE affects not only the patients themselves, but also the psychological state of their spouses, which, in turn, may alleviate or aggravate the patients'PE symptoms by different reactions. However, the correlation between PE and female's psychological factors is mostly ignored by the patients and even clinicians in the studies, diagnosis and treatment of PE.